Turner Syndrome by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030341503
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Dyslipidemia and Thrombosis

Ischemic heart disease and stroke are more prevalent in adults with TS than in the general population [1, 2]. Contributing factors include an increase in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and lack of estrogen [69, 70]. Some of these risks are modifiable by following a healthy diet, incorporating regular exercise into one’s daily routine, and maintenance of normal body weight. Identification and treatment of hypertension are also of key importance. The predisposition to dyslipidemia may also add to the risk for developing heart disease, and therefore lipids should be assessed in early adulthood. Treatment of dyslipidemia should follow current guidelines in the general population.

An increased risk for thrombus formation in adult women with TS has been suggested [71]. Fibrinogen has been reported to be elevated in 65% of women with TS, and proteins C and S are decreased [72]. However, other studies have found these factors to be within normal range [73], although high-normal procoagulant factors have been reported [74]. Mutations associated with thrombus formation are more frequently reported in TS. For example, Factor V Leiden G1691A gen polymorphism heterozygosity is more prevalent in individuals with TS (13%) than in the general population (2%). These findings do not appear to relate to estrogen replacement, since doses prescribed are within physiologic range [75].

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